Sher shah suri movie salim khan biography

His grandfather came to Hindustan from Afghanistan in search of employment and settled in the pargana of Bajwara. It was situated about two miles southeast of Hastinapur in Punjab.

Sher shah suri movie salim khan biography

There is great controversy about the dated of birth of Farid. His master gave him the parganas of Sasaram, Khawaspur and Tanda near Banaras. Hasan was undoubtedly a successful and worthy soldier but he lacked domestic arrangements. He had four wives and eight sons. Farid Khan and Nizam Khan were born of an Afghan mother whereas Sulaiman and Ahmad were born of another wife and the rest were born of slave girls.

Hasan had no love for the mother of Farid but he loved very much the mother of Sulaiman and Ahmad. Therefore, Farid and his mother could not enjoy the love of Hasan Khan. As there was a great tension between father and son, hot words often passed between the two. Being rebuked by his father and feeling offended, Farid went to Jamal Khan at Jaunpur.

As during this period Jaunpur was a centre of education and learning, he employed himself to the study of Arabic and the biographies of most of the kings of ancient times. He had got by heart the Sikandar-Nama, Gulistan, Bostan, etc. He also had interest in Hindi, History and Arithmetic. Soon he earned fame and name in entire Janupur due to his politeness, labour, manly activities and extraordinary wisdom.

Jamal Khan, the master of his father, was also one of his fans. During his stay in Jaunpur Farid Khan also received practical knowledge of civil and military affairs of the state. He formed an alliance with Sher Shah, who saw this as an opportunity to crush the power of the Lohani nobles allied with Mahmud Shah. Mahmud Shah sent several expeditions against Sher Shah, which were all defeated.

Makhdum Alam however, was killed, and his estates fell to Sher Shah upon his death. Following the victory, Sher Shah consolidated his control over Bihar. Between and , Sher Shah followed up his victories by invading Bengal and defeating Mahmud Shah numerous times, occupying all lands west of the Teliagarhi pass. Mahmud Shah repeatedly requested the Portuguese to aid him, which they did by fortifying the Teliaghari and Sakrigali passes.

Sher Shah, however, out-flanked the combined armies and reached Gauda by way of Jharkhand. Eager to conquer the Bengal Sultanate, Sher Shah prepared for another invasion, and an opportunity came when Mahmud Shah failed to send annual tribute, forcing him to seek refuge in Gaur and frantically ask Humayun for aid. The Mughals reached the fort in November and laid siege to it.

The siege lasted over six months before the fort finally fell. Following this, Sher Shah began a second invasion into Bengal, seizing Rohtasgarh in March through stratagem. He used Rohtasgarh to situate Afghan families and loot he obtained during the war. Following up his victory, Sher Shah besieged Gauda, which fell in April Split detachments would also be sent to conquer Chittagong.

After the fall of Gauda, Sher Shah offered favorable peace terms to Humayun, proposing to pay 10,, dinars, and cede Bihar in exchange for control of Bengal. Humayun refused the offer, not wishing to leave Bengal's rich resources to a hostile state. Additionally, the wounded Mahmud Shah, who had entered Humayun's camp, urged him to continue the war against Sher Shah.

Mahmud Shah died from his wounds soon after. Following this, Humayun marched towards Bengal to confront Sher Shah. However, the Mughal army was troubled with heavy rains, causing the loss of their baggage between Patna and Monghyr. Humayun eventually reached Gauda and seized it without opposition on 8 September However, the city had been abandoned by the Afghans, and the treasury looted.

Sher Shah capitalized on this, seizing Bihar and Varanasi , reclaiming control over Chunar, and laying siege to Jaunpur. Other detachments of the Afghan army extended as far as Kannauj. Learning of unrest in Agra , Humayun immediately sought to settle for peace with Sher Shah. However, as he crossed the Karmanasa River , where his army was vulnerable to attack, Sher Shah capitalized on the Mughal army's fragile state and attacked at the Battle of Chausa.

The Afghans descended on the Mughal army, which was , strong. With his defeat, Humayun returned to Agra, and restored order after unrest began due to his brother, Hindal Mirza. Humayun then began mobilizing another army and advanced against Sher Shah, who raised his own army, although being numerically inferior. The two armies met at Kannuaj , mirroring each other across the Ganges river.

Humayun crossed the river and engaged in skirmishes with Sher Shah's forces. During the fighting, many of Humayun's nobles hid their insignia to avoid recognition by the Afghans, and several fled the battle. The Mughal army was ultimately defeated, forcing Humayun to flee. Following this victory, Sher Shah was crowned a second time on 17 May , being declared the ruler of Hindustan and adopting the epithet Sultan Adil, meaning "Just King.

As Humayun fled, Sher Shah pursued him with split detachments. He then seized Agra , defeating the Mughals there, and sent Khawas in pursuit of Humayun. The pursuit and flight of Humayun allowed Sher Shah to capture and enter Delhi , beginning the consolidation of his rule there by reorganizing its administration. With the approach of the Afghans, the Mughals fled Lahore.

As Humayun began withdrawing, Khawas Khan initially gave up the pursuit, halting on the Jhelum river. Sher Shah then advanced from Sirhind toward Lahore, and then continued toward the Chenab river before arriving at Khushab. The pursuit continued as far as the Panjnad River before withdrawing back to Khushab and merging with Sher Shah's force.

Remaining encamped at Khushab, Sher Shah received the submission of Baloch chiefs, including prominently Ismail Khan, Fateh Khan, Ghazi Khan, and many others who ruled the region between the Chenab and the Indus rivers. Sher Shah initially attempted diplomacy, inviting the Gakhar chief to acknowledge him as the emperor of India. However, the Gakhar gave an insulting response, which enraged Sher Shah.

In retaliation, Sher Shah marched through Punjab, subjugating the Gakhars, devastating much of the countryside, and taking many prisoners. Recognizing the importance of Bengal , Sher Shah focused much of his administrative efforts in the region. He then divided Bengal into 47 smaller administrative divisions, each overseen by a shiqdar , with Kazi Fajilot established as the chief supervisor of the Muqtars.

Some of these Afghan settlers later established the Muhammad Shahi dynasty , which ruled Bengal from to , and the Karrani dynasty , which ruled from to In , Sher Shah embarked on a campaign to Malwa. Qadir Khan, the ruler of the Malwa Sultanate , had offended Sher Shah by claiming he was equal to him, as well as failing pledged aid against the Mughals.

Upon arriving in Gwalior , the governor of the city submitted to the Afghans. The Afghan army continued their march to Sarangpur. Sher Shah received him, and they together advanced into Ujjain. Sher Shah then made Qadir Khan the governor of Gauda. Sher Shah consolidated his new territories before returning to Agra, also receiving submission from the ruler of Ranthambore.

Following the re-capture of the city, Puran Mal was accused of committing tyrannies unto the Muslim populace, which Puran Mal denied. Puran Mal withdrew from the fort with 4, Rajputs, including their families. However, after being ill-advised by fanatic Muslims, as well as Muslim widows appealing to him after allegedly suffering under Puran Mal's rule, Sher Shah gave permission for the Afghan army to attack the Rajputs while they were still leaving the fort.

The Rajputs killed their women and children before engaging in battle with the Afghans, before being defeated as the Afghans massacred them. Having initially attempted to aid Humayun in regaining his throne, as well as having failed to capture Humayun for Sher Shah, and Marwar itself being a formidable kingdom and threat to his rule, Sher Shah began preparing for war in August The Afghan army advanced through Merta before Maldeo advanced with his own army of 50, to face Sher Shah, which had halted in the village of Sammel in the pargana of Jaitaran , near Jodhpur.

Sher Shah thus resorted to intrigue by dropping forged letters near Maldeo's camp, falsely indicating that some of his commanders intended to defect to the Afghans. This caused great distress to Maldeo, leading him to abandon his commanders and retreat to Jodhpur with his men. Maldeo's generals, Jaita and Kumpa, split off a contingent of 12, men to fight against the Afghans.

In the resulting Battle of Sammel, Sher Shah emerged victorious. Due to continuous resistance from the Rajputs, he besieged the fort for seven months. Some sources state that he was mortally wounded by a gunpowder explosion when one of his cannons burst. Another account suggests that during a battle, as he descended from a rampart and ordered his men to hurl bombs into the fort, one bomb fell back and hit a cache of bombs, causing a large explosion.

Some people escaped with minor burns, while Sher Shah was found half-burned and taken to his tent, where he remained for two days. Despite his critical condition, he ordered his men to swarm the fort, advancing close to the fort with his troops. The tomb finished its construction on 16 August , three months after his death. Hermann Goetz posited that one of the motivations for Sher Shah choosing his birthplace, Sasaram, as the site of his tomb, was that:.

For Sher Shah Written by Abbas Sarwani , the source was significant toward detailing the conquest of Bengal by Sher Shah as well as the magnitude of his reforms, and greatly benefited in contribution towards the history of medieval India. The system of tri-metalism that came to characterize Mughal coinage was introduced by Sher Shah. Gold coins called the Mohur weighing grains and copper coins called Paisa were also minted during his reign.

The Sur Empire was divided into many subdivisions called Iqtas , which were often ruled by military governors. Haibat Khan , who governed the Punjab , commanded over 30, men and could distribute jagirs to his soldiers. Khawas Khan , another military governor, ruled over Rajasthan with a force of over 20, men. The heads of Iqtas were known by various titles such as Hakim , Faujdar , or Momin and typically commanded bodies of men usually numbering less than 5, Their responsibilities included maintaining order and enforcing law within their jurisdictions.

Iqtas were further divided into districts known as Sarkars , each overseen by two chief officers: the Shiqar and the Munsif. The Shiqar was responsible for civil administration and could field — soldiers to maintain law and order. The Munsif handled revenue collection and civil justice, while chief Shiqars often dealt with criminal justice cases.

Sarkars were in turn divided into smaller units called Parganas , which consisted of a town and its surrounding villages. The Shiqar of a Pargana was a military officer under the Sarkar's Shiqar's oversight and was responsible for maintaining stability and assisting the Munsif in land revenue collection and measurement. The Munsif in the Pargana was under the supervision of the chief Munsif in the Sarkar.

Villages within the Parganas often operated autonomously and were governed by assemblies called Panchayats. This was respected by Sher Shah during his reign. These assemblies consisted of village elders who managed local needs and enforced community-specific punishments. All rights reserved. Who was Sher Shah Suri? He established a long-lasting bureaucracy accountable to the ruler and a carefully calculated revenue system.

He efficiently administered the army and tax collections and built roads, rest houses, and wells for the people. He was generally tolerant of non-Muslims , except for his massacre of Hindus following Raisen's surrender. His tomb at Sasaram is among the most magnificent in India. Early Rise: He later worked for the Mughal king of Bihar, who rewarded him for his bravery with the title of " Sher Khan " after reportedly killing a tiger with his bare hands.

In early , he conquered Bengal and cleverly seized the Rohtas stronghold through strategic deception. He also suppressed the Baluch chiefs on the northwestern frontier. In , he defeated and conquered Malwa , followed by Chanderi. He defeated the rebellious Afghans in Bengal. By , he had established himself as the supreme ruler of Sindh and Punjab, as well as the entire Rajputana region in the west and Bengal in the east.

Sher Shah Suri Administration Sher Shah Suri's administrative system was a combination of traditional practices and innovative reforms. Council of Ministers: The king was assisted by four important ministers: Diwan —i- Wizarat - in charge of Revenue and Finance. This biography profiles his childhood, family, accession, rule, administration and timeline.

Farid had several brothers. Farid often got into disputes with his father and ran away from home to independently seek his fortunes. Meanwhile his father died and he took possession of his paternal jagir. Farid Khan entered the service of Bahar Khan, the ruler of Bihar, in He quickly impressed Khan with his bravery and valor, and was appointed his deputy.

He also became the tutor and mentor of Bahar Khan's minor son. Once on a hunting trip Farid killed a full grown tiger with his bare hands, and earned the title of Sher Khan from Bahar Khan in recognition of his bravery. He returned to Bihar after the death of Bahar Khan and became the governor. In this position he effectively reorganized the administration and established a well-disciplined army.

Within a course of four years he became the recognized ruler of Bihar.